global warming assignment pdfclassification of risks is based on

Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation. What is the hottest recorded temperature on Earth? Please do not copy and paste sentences or diagrams from the climate notes or any Internet site. Sketch on the graph below how the volume of a gas changes as the number of moles of gas is increased. Foucal, P., Frlich, C., Spruit, H., and Wigley, T. (2006). Continuing the planet's long-term warming trend, global temperatures in 2021 were 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit (0.85 degrees Celsius) above the average for NASA's baseline period, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS . >> For a detailed description of Earths climate, its processes, and the responses of living things to its changing nature, see climate. /S /Transparency /F4 36 0 R /BM /Normal Tiny wobbles in Earths orbit altered when and where sunlight falls on Earths surface. /A << The problem is serious because up to 10 percent of the worlds population lives in vulnerable areas less than 10 meters (about 30 feet) above sea level. >> BEVAE-181 Environmental Studies Solved Assignment 2021-2022 DOWNLOAD NOW Tutor Marked Assignment AECC on Environment Studies Course Code: BEVAE-181 Assignment Code: BEVAE-181/TMA/2021-2022 Maximum Marks: 100 Title Name AECC/BEVAE-181 English Solved Assignment 2021-22 University IGNOU Service Type Solved Assignment (Soft copy/PDF) Course AECC on Environment Studies Language ENGLISH Semester . /StructParents 11 How does this warming compare to previous changes in Earths climate? 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R /Type /Action Increased fire frequency and insect infestations also release more carbon as trees burn or die and decay. /S /Transparency /StructParents 9 (Photograph courtesy National Snow & Ice Data Center. /Chartsheet /Part /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 2 Note: For the sake of this essay I do want you to stick with the scientific consensus on global warming - that is, that global warming is real and is caused by human behavior. Global warming, the phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near Earths surface over the past one to two centuries, happens mostly in the troposphere, the lowest level of the atmosphere, which extends from Earths surface up to a height of 611 miles. Minh Tran. >> By 2015 all but a few national governments had begun the process of instituting carbon reduction plans as part of the Paris Agreement, a treaty designed to help countries keep global warming to 1.5 C (2.7 F) above preindustrial levels in order to avoid the worst of the predicted effects. If fewer bright clouds form, it will contribute to warming from the cloud feedback. /F2 34 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB endobj /CS /DeviceRGB /Worksheet /Part >> /Annotation /Sect Though the models are complicated, rigorous tests with real-world data hone them into powerful tools that allow scientists to explore our understanding of climate in ways not otherwise possible. 8 0 obj 20 0 obj Water vapor is a strong greenhouse gas. /CA 1 /Length 5855 Intended for an audience without much scientific background but a healthy sense of curiosity, the class brings together insights and perspectives from physics, chemistry, biology, earth and atmospheric sciences, and even some economicsall based on a foundation of simple mathematics . What is Global Warming? See Ship /Type /Group [Images courtesy NOAA Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (left) and Environmental Visualization Laboratory (right).]. Global warming has become one of the major problems in the continent today. 22 0 obj 16 0 obj The highest-emissions scenario suggested that sea level would rise by 63101 cm (24.839.8 inches) by 2100. endobj >> /Parent 2 0 R /F1 33 0 R /Nums [0 [111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R stream The planet is heating upand fast. /Font << For this assignment, you will study global climate change and the science concepts people (children and adults) need to understand the issue. endobj /Rect [66.258347 619.6571 108.663689 628.27063] endobj /Contents 67 0 R 2,128 Downloads. Exploring the stratospheric/tropospheric response to solar forcing. Warmer temperatures also extend the growing season. Robock, A., Marquardt, A., Kravitz, B., & Stenchikov, G. (2009). Essay, Pages 3 (636 words) Views. Modern global warming is the result of an increase in magnitude of the so-called greenhouse effect, a warming of Earths surface and lower atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and other greenhouse gases. /F 4 /Count 8 << /Type /Action The scientist has been researching for many decades about global warming and possible solutions which has been difficult for the world to implement because, human beings are the source of the problem. Global Warming. 4. On land, changes in the carbon cycle are more complicated. affected directly are often the ones that contribute the least to global warming. The intermediate-emissions scenario, which assumed that emissions would stabilize by 2050 before declining gradually, projected an increase of between 2.1 and 3.5 C (3.8 and 6.3 F) by 2100. Perhaps the most well known feedback comes from melting snow and ice in the Northern Hemisphere. 5. 6 [192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R The energy that radiates back toward Earth heats both the lower atmosphere and the surface, enhancing the heating they get from direct sunlight. Any (1X2) (2) Economics/P1 6 NW/JUNE 2018 NSC- GRADE 10 MEMORANDUM Demo NW/JUNE/ECOM/ EMIS/6***** 3.2. Temperatures across the globe dipped for two to three years. 1 0 obj >> /G3 16 0 R tn]p R~'^sYKd'\ja.T%#m;$dw4^fuU%@U}zJo6y`/x]{LO$:pU':? (2008). Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere. deck. 4 0 obj /Font << /Type /Annot [3] In some parts of the world it is less and some more. Where does global warming occur in the atmosphere? Greenhouse gases are long-lived, so the planet will continue to warm and changes will continue to happen far into the future, but the degree to which global warming changes life on Earth depends on our decisions now. /S /URI 177 0 R 178 0 R 183 0 R 191 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R /Subtype /Type0 associated with global warming as predicted by global climate models (Emanuel 1987) is consistent with the increase in modeled storm intensities in a warmer cli-mate, as might be expected (Knutson and Tuleya 2004). endobj NASA satellites have been measuring the Suns output since 1978. /Parent 2 0 R On a longer time scale, fresh water will become scarcer, especially during the summer, as mountain glaciers disappear, particularly in Asia and parts of North America. << Think about the causes of global warming and its effects on the environment, where global warming is located, and how the problem of /Subtype /Link Benefits, risks, and costs of stratospheric geoengineering. /F2 34 0 R In fact, because of its abundance in the atmosphere, water vapor causes about two-thirds of greenhouse warming, a key factor in keeping temperatures in the habitable range on Earth. /ExtGState << /F4 20 0 R >> /Lang (en-AU) Modern global warming is the result of an increase in magnitude of the so-called greenhouse effect, a warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and other greenhouse gases. Heat /SA true >> /Pages 2 0 R >> 23 0 obj Global Warming and its Effect on India 1) Introduction India Meteorological Department (IMD) said 2018 was the sixth warmest year on record, a result of the global warming trend. Clouds emit thermal infrared (heat) radiation in proportion to their temperature, which is related to altitude. The primary feedbacks are due to snow and ice, water vapor, clouds, and the carbon cycle. Bender, M. A., Knutson, T. R., Tuleya, R. E., Sirutis, J. J., Vecchi, G. A., Garner, S. T., and Held, I. M. (2010). But global warming will have additional, far-reaching effects on the planet. Catholics are the most likely to say global warming is caused mostly by human activities (57%; 33% say it is caused mostly by natural changes in the environment). global warming, it is first necessary to become familiar with the greenhouse effect. /F4 36 0 R The more the climate changes, and the more rapidly it changes, the greater the cost of adaptation. /ParentTree 14 0 R Temperatures are certain to go up further. In the last 100 years the average temperature has gone up 0.8C. 25 317 0 R 26 318 0 R 27 318 0 R 28 319 0 R 29 320 0 R 1 0 obj And human activities are the dominant force behind it. Measurements of time-variable gravity show mass loss in Antarctica. As the greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere the Earth gets hotter. << The impact of global warming is far greater than just increasing temperatures. /S /Transparency Clouds can become brighter if more moisture converges in a particular region or if more fine particles (aerosols) enter the air. endobj /ToUnicode 339 0 R 13 0 obj As a result, human activity overshadows any contribution volcanoes may have made to recent global warming. (2007). /F8 55 0 R If clouds become brighter, or the geographical extent of bright clouds expands, they will tend to cool Earths surface. /Tabs /S It has become . Then use one of the functions we have discussed in class (linear, piecewise, quadratic, higher order polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, or rational) to model the phenomenon that interests you. What has scientists concerned now is that over the past 250 years, humans have been artificially raising the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate, mostly by burning fossil fuels, but also from cutting down carbon-absorbing forests. << /Rect [200.76279 761.44995 335.26724 769.40094] Learn more about how the IPCCs Sixth Assessment Report, released in 2021, describes the social impacts of global warming. /Type /Action It looks at various geographic units (countries, continents, regions, World) from 1950 to the Present (2019 & 2020). /S /URI /Border [0 0 0] Under the reports lowest-emission scenario, sea level would rise by 2855 cm (1121.7 inches), whereas, under the intermediate emissions scenario, sea level would rise by 4476 cm (17.329.9 inches). As global warming occurs, biodiversity all over the world will suffer. Please donate 5 to help YPTE to continue its work of inspiring young people to look after our world. /Producer Climate has changed when the planet received more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Suns energy varied. Poor countries and communities with limited abilities to adapt to these changes are expected to suffer disproportionately. /Border [0 0 0] << /ModDate (D:20150825170922+10'00') /Chart /Sect /Resources << 30 0 obj It has been estimated that, at the beginning of the industrial age in the mid-18th century, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere were roughly 280 parts per million (ppm). >> Five categories are assessed. >> See Climate and Earths Energy Budget to read more about how sunlight fuels Earths climate. << examination of the causes and effects of global warming. << /F5 37 0 R GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS The issue of global warming has been transformed from one of concern for a small group of scientists to an item on the agenda board of world leaders. >> Satellite measurements of daily (light line) and monthly average (dark line) total solar irradiance since 1979 have not detected a clear long-term trend. As an aid to thinking about the many interconnections of this topic the technique of a "future wheel" can be used. /S /URI Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Kharecha, P., Lacis, A., Miller, R., Nazarenko, L., et al. This behavior slows global warming by decreasing the rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide increase, but that trend may not continue. Scientists arent entirely sure where and to what degree clouds will end up amplifying or moderating warming, but most climate models predict a slight overall positive feedback or amplification of warming due to a reduction in low cloud cover. /Height 64 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers. /Type /Action % endobj Free samples of global warming for essays, assignments, dissertation, homework by Total Assignment Help 18 0 obj 30 320 0 R 31 321 0 R 32 321 0 R 33 322 0 R 34 322 0 R Certain gases in the atmosphere act like glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight through to heat the earth's surface but trapping the heat as it radiates back into space. But as temperatures warm, more water vapor evaporates from the surface into the atmosphere, where it can cause temperatures to climb further. /BM /Normal /Type /Group Spring is coming earlier in both hemispheres. Global climate has long been a topic of debate. R{ImODPw]a; *#dm% [mYr,oq%^$BPIJq[z])N(sVS=W8kB, who!KmxPb x /F2 34 0 R 15 312 0 R 16 313 0 R 17 313 0 R 18 314 0 R 19 314 0 R (Photograph 2007 metimbers2000.). Intense droughts can lead to an increase in malnutrition. (April 2006). If the melting accelerates, the increase in sea level could be significantly higher. endobj The AR6 report also noted that the global average sea level had risen by some 20 cm (7.9 inches) between 1901 and 2018 and that sea level rose faster in the second half of the 20th century than in the first half. /Filter /DCTDecode Carbon dioxide, among other greenhouse gases, will remain in the atmosphere long after emissions are reduced, contributing to continuing warming. When they absorb the energy radiating from Earths surface, microscopic water or greenhouse gas molecules turn into tiny heaters like the bricks in a fireplace, they radiate heat even after the fire goes out. Changes to one part of the climate system can cause additional changes to the way the planet absorbs or reflects energy. /Border [0 0 0] /Group << Climate Change 2007: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Summary for Policymakers. (2006, July). It has been linked to factors, such as shortages of food supplies and the increase in infectious diseases, as well as changes in the various biological ecosystems of the world which are already experience problem in terms of human health. >> Warm ocean and land surface areas are white and light gray; cool, low-level clouds are medium gray; and cold, high-altitude clouds are dark gray and black. Certain gases in the atmosphere resemble glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to pass into the 'greenhouse,' but blocking Earth's heat from escaping into space. See Buzzing About Climate Change to read more about how the lifecycle of bees is synched with flowering plants. anthropogenic (human-created) phenomenon, its data and conclusions are largely. The impact of increased surface temperatures is significant in itself. >> (NASA image courtesy GOES Project Science.). /Resources << (2007). /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] endobj The scenarios referred to above depend mainly on future concentrations of certain trace gases, called greenhouse gases, that have been injected into the lower atmosphere in increasing amounts through the burning of fossil fuels for industry, transportation, and residential uses. /Image30 45 0 R To further explore the causes and effects of global warming and to predict future warming, scientists build climate modelscomputer simulations of the climate system. 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